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The City of Houston includes a significant population of Central American origin, including origins from El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and other countries. ==History== Beginning in the late 1970s Central American countries began experiencing economic and political instability.〔Rodriguez, Nestor, "Undocumented Central Americans in Houston: Diverse Populations," p. 4.〕 In 1980 there were 5,400 Central American immigrants in Greater Houston.〔Rodriguez, Nestor, "Hispanic and Asian Immigration Waves in Houston," p. (35 ).〕 In the 1980s, Due to social political problems,〔Rodriguez, Nestor, "Hispanic and Asian Immigration Waves in Houston," p. (34 )-(35 ).〕 a wave of immigration from Central America occurred,〔Rodriguez, Nestor, "Hispanic and Asian Immigration Waves in Houston," p. (34 ).〕 with people from El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua arriving. In 1990, there were 47,244 Central Americans in Harris County, with 83% of them being immigrants. The number of Salvadorans among the immigrants was almost 250% that of the combined number of non-Salvadorans.〔 This immigration wave from Central America lead to the Central Americans settling portions of Southwest Houston and west Houston.〔 They settled southwest and west Houston because of a large amount of low income housing that was left vacant by Anglos during the 1980s oil bust. The existing Mexican neighborhoods in such as those in the Second Ward and Magnolia Park largely did not attract the Central American immigrants because the neighborhoods did not have enough housing capacity to attract the new immigrants.〔Rodriguez, Nestor, "Hispanic and Asian Immigration Waves in Houston," p. (36 ).〕 Rodriguez wrote that a "large segment" of illegal immigrants did settle the longtime Hispanic barrios.〔Rodriguez, Nestor, "Undocumented Central Americans in Houston: Diverse Populations," p. 5-6.〕 This immigration wave from Central America lead to the Central Americans settling portions of Southwest Houston and west Houston. The immigration wave caused portions of previously almost entirely Anglo portions of Houston to gain new areas of Hispanic settlers.〔Rodriguez, Nestor, "Hispanic and Asian Immigration Waves in Houston," p. (35 )-(36 ).〕 Rodriguez wrote that of the illegal immigrants, "perhaps one-third to one-half," by 1986, lived in "neighborhoods that form zones of Hispanic transition or zones of new Hispanic settlement."〔Rodriguez, Nestor, "Undocumented Central Americans in Houston: Diverse Populations," p. 6.〕 The Central Americans who illegally immigrated after 1982 were not eligible for the federal government's amnesty program for illegal immigrants. Some Central Americans became eligible for amnesty and legalization at a later date. Most Central Americans, after arriving, worked in the service sector in informal, low-paying jobs. At the time many immigrated, Houston was experiencing an economic recession.〔 The Central American immigrants received almost no support from the US government. Catholic nuns and priests took efforts to find shelter and food for the Central American refugees. Due to the political nature of the immigration, many of the immigrants became involved in political activism upon arriving in the US and they protested US government political interventions in Central America. Around the time of the immigration wave of the 1980s, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) investigated several Houston residents who had immigrated from Latin America and who had supported leftist groups in their home countries.〔 The FBI investigated left-wing groups opposing the Reagan Administration policies in Latin America, including Committee in Solidarity with the People of El Salvador (CISPES).〔Gelbspan, p. (130 ).〕 In addition, the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) had arrested illegal immigrants from Central America who had been living in Houston.〔 Nestor Rodriguez, author of "Undocumented Central Americans in Houston: Diverse Populations," wrote that the 1985 surveillance and interrogation of illegal immigrant Salvadorans by agents of the federal government of the United States and the prosecution of sanctuary movement workers by the U.S. government, "demonstrate that the U.S. government perceived these migrants with a special political concern."〔Rodriguez, Nestor, "Undocumented Central Americans in Houston: Diverse Populations," p. 5.〕 In 1990, there were 39,289 immigrants from Central America in Houston.〔Rodriguez, Nestor, "Hispanic and Asian Immigration Waves in Houston," p. (33 ).〕 By the 1990s immigration from Central America decreased because the political situations stabilized in Central American countries and Houston's improving economy gave Central Americans economic mobility on par with Mexicans. At that time Southwest Houston developed infrastructure that catered to Central Americans.〔 By 2003 there were about 115,000 Central Americans in Houston.〔Walsh, Robb. "Globalization's McBacklash." ''Houston Press''. Thursday January 16, 2003. p. (2 ). Retrieved on December 13, 2013.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of the Central Americans in Houston」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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